Inhaled medications are a very important part of treatment for asthma and COPD. They are delivered directly to your lungs through breathing in (inhaling) the medication.
This article will help you learn more about inhaled medications, including:
- How inhalers work
- Types of inhaled medications
- Benefits of inhaled medications
- How inhaled medications are used to manage common lung diseases, such as asthma and COPD
- How to use inhaled medications safely and effectively
Table of Contents
Inhalers: what are they and how do they work
Inhalers are used to treat several respiratory conditions, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
They are designed to deliver medication directly into your lungs, where it is needed the most. This means that the medication can be given in lower doses than if it was taken by mouth (for example a pill or liquid) or as an injection (shot). In this way, the risk of side effects is reduced and the medication is more effective.
Inhalers come in different forms. The most common types of inhalers are metered dose inhalers (MDIs), dry powder inhalers (DPIs), and soft mist inhalers (SMIs). MDIs deliver a precise dose of medication in an aerosol (spray) form. DPIs release a powdered form of the medication that is inhaled. SMIs use a propellant to create a fine mist of the medication you breathe in.
The choice of inhaler device can depend on several things, including the severity of your condition, your age, your ability to coordinate the steps to release and then breathe in the medication and personal preference.
In the following sections, we will discuss the different types of inhaled medications, how they are used, and the potential side effects. By understanding how these medications work, you can be better prepared to manage your respiratory condition and improve your quality of life.
Benefits of Inhaled Therapy
Inhaled therapy has certain advantages over other routes of medication administration (by mouth or injection). By targeting the lungs, inhaled therapy minimizes side effects.
Certain inhalers also offer fast relief of symptoms due to the direct delivery of medication to the lungs like during a sudden worsening of your asthma or COPD symptoms.
Also, inhaled therapy is convenient and user-friendly. Inhalers are small and easy to take with you especially for those on the go. This means you can have your medication on hand, even when you are not at home.
Common conditions treated with inhaled medications
Inhaled medications are used to manage a variety of respiratory conditions, like asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
In asthma, these medications can help relax the muscles around the airways and can reduce inflammation in the airways , making it easier to breathe.
For those with COPD, inhaled medications can help reduce inflammation, opening up the airways and reducing symptoms like coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.
The choice of inhaled medication will depend on your condition (asthma or COPD), the severity of your condition and your specific needs. Inhaled medications are available in various forms, including metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) and dry powder inhalers (DPIs).
Inhaled medications are usually well-tolerated, but some people may experience side effects, like coughing, wheezing, hoarseness, or dry mouth. If you experience any of these symptoms, please talk to your doctor or pharmacist.
Types of inhaled medications
The most commonly prescribed inhaled medications are metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) and dry powder inhalers (DPIs). Both MDIs and DPIs deliver medication directly to your lungs, but they have different ways of delivering it and may be better for certain people depending on their specific needs and preferences.
The most common prescribed inhaled medications are:
- Metered-dose inhalers (MDIs)
- Dry powder inhalers (DPIs)
Metered-dose inhalers (MDIs)
Metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) are small, hand-held devices that deliver a precise dose of medication in a mist form.
MDIs require coordination between pressing the inhaler and inhaling, which can be difficult for some patients, particularly if you have coordination issues or a respiratory condition that makes it hard to hold your breath.
Dry powder inhalers (DPIs)
Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are another type of inhaled medication device that delivers medication in a dry powder form. DPIs do not need a propellant gas, making them better for the environment.
They are also breath-activated, which means that the medication is released when you inhale, eliminating the need for coordination between pressing the inhaler and breathing in.
This can be good if you have coordination issues or a respiratory condition that make it difficult to hold your breath.
However, DPIs may require you to be able to breathe in with more force (faster and stronger) than compared to MDIs, which can be challenging.
The Role of Inhalers in Asthma Management
Inhaled medications are important in the management of asthma. They can provide both quick relief and long-term control of your symptoms. Inhaled asthma medications deliver medication directly to the lungs, which can help to relax the airways and decrease inflammation.
There are many different types of inhalers available, and the choice of inhaler device depends on many factors, including your age, personal preferences, and the severity of your asthma. It is important to use your inhaled medications correctly to get the full benefits and to reduce the risk of side effects.
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the main inhalers used for keeping your asthma under control for a long time. They work by reducing airway inflammation, which helps prevent worsening of your asthma symptoms and improves lung function. ICS are usually taken every day, even when you don’t have symptoms, to keep your asthma under control. They are not used for fast relief of sudden asthma symptoms.
For fast relief of sudden asthma symptoms, such as wheezing, shortness of breath, or coughing, short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs) are used. These inhalers work quickly to relax the muscles around the airways, making breathing easier.
SABAs are typically only used as needed and should not ****be used as a long-term control medication for your asthma.
Sometimes, ICS by themselves are not enough to manage your asthma, so combination inhalers may be prescribed. These inhalers contain both an ICS and a long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) in one single device.
LABAs help keep the airways open for a long time, making ICS work better in preventing asthma symptoms and improving lung function. Combination inhalers offer you the benefits of both ICS and LABAs in a convenient and easy-to-use format.
Inhaled medications have completely changed the way we manage asthma, allowing people with this chronic lung condition to lead active, full lives. By delivering medicine directly to your lungs, inhalers provide effective relief from asthma symptoms with a lower chance of side effects than oral medications.
The Role of Inhalers in COPD Management
Inhaled medications are very important for managing your COPD, providing both fast and long-lasting control over your symptoms.
Bronchodilators are used to relax the muscles around your airways, allowing for better airflow and decreased shortness of breath. These medications work fast, making them the best choice for managing a sudden worsening of your COPD symptoms.
ICS can also used to manage your COPD. They help by reducing the swelling in your airways, which is a big part of what causes COPD. ICS are very good at preventing COPD exacerbations and improving your lung function over the long-term.
Inhaled medications are often used in combination with other COPD treatments, such as oral medications and pulmonary rehabilitation. This all-inclusive approach helps to deal with the various parts of COPD and helps to improve your results.
The proper use of your inhaled medications is important to get the best results and minimize your risk of side effects.
You should get education and training on the correct technique for using your inhalers to make sure you get the full benefits of your medication.
Exercise is also very important in managing COPD. Regular physical activity has been shown to help improve symptoms, increase exercise tolerance, and enhance overall quality of life in COPD patients.
This is because exercise can help strengthen the muscles used for breathing, improve lung function, and reduce shortness of breath.
Read more about Exercise and COPD in our blog.
Remember to consult with your healthcare professional before starting any exercise program.
Using inhaled medications safely and effectively
Inhaled medications are an important part of managing respiratory conditions. But they can only be effective if they are used correctly. Here are some important guidelines to ensure the safe and proper use of your inhaled medications:
- Read and follow the instructions: Before using your inhaler, carefully read and understand the instructions provided by your doctor or pharmacist. These instructions typically include information on the correct way to use your inhaler, the recommended dosage, and any potential side effects. If you have any questions or concerns, consult your healthcare professional.
- Rinse your mouth with water after use: After using your inhaler, rinse your mouth with water and spit it out. This helps to prevent oral side effects such as thrush, a fungal infection that can develop in the mouth due to the presence of ICS in some inhaled medications.
- Avoid overuse: Overuse of your inhaler may increase the likelihood of side effects. It is important to use your medication exactly as prescribed. Overuse can reduce the medication’s effectiveness and result in health complications.
- Store your inhaler properly: Store your inhaler in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and heat. Extreme temperatures can affect the dose and effectiveness of the medication. Keep the inhaler out of reach of children.
- Be aware of potential side effects: Although inhaled medications are usually well-tolerated, some common side effects may occur, such as coughing, wheezing, hoarseness, thrush or dry mouth. If you experience any severe or long-lasting side effects, consult your doctor or pharmacist immediately.
- Maintain good hygiene: Keep your inhalers clean and dry. Regularly clean the mouthpiece with a soft cloth or tissue to prevent the buildup of dust and debris. Do not share your inhaler with others to prevent the spread of infections.
- Regularly check your inhaler: Over time, your inhaler may become damaged or less effective. Regularly check the inhaler for any signs of damage, such as cracks or breaks. If you notice any damage, replace the inhaler immediately.
- Keep track of your medication: Keep a log of your inhaled medication use, including the date, time, and dose. This can help you keep track of how and when you use your inhalers and identify any patterns in your symptoms.
By following these recommendations, you can confidently use your inhaled medications to manage your respiratory condition and improve your general health and quality of life.
In conclusion, proper inhaler use is important for effectively managing respiratory conditions such as asthma and COPD. By understanding how these medications work, the correct techniques for using your inhalers and regularly checking and maintaining them, you can make sure that you are getting the full benefits of your medication.
Remember to always check with your healthcare provider for any questions or concerns about your inhaler use. By following these recommendations, you can improve your respiratory health and overall well-being.
Course: Proper Use of Inhaled Medication (Asthma and COPD)
If you are a healthcare professional looking to enhance your knowledge and skills in managing respiratory conditions, we recommend our updated course “Proper Use of Inhaled Medication (Asthma and COPD)“
This course is designed to provide you with the latest knowledge and best practices in the administration, management, and education of inhaled therapies. Engage with expert-led modules that offer a blend of evidence-based learning and practical application.
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Sources:
- Mayo Clinic: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/in-depth/asthma-inhalers/art-20046382 , https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/in-depth/asthma-medications/art-20045557
- Cleveland Clinic: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/8694-inhalers
- Med Stanford: https://med.stanford.edu/cfcenter/education/english/Meds-Nebs.html
- Asthma & Lung UK https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/conditions/asthma/how-inhalers-affect-environment#:~:text=These types of inhalers are,but contribute to climate change.
- American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI) https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/asthma/inhaled-asthma-medications
