Breathless patient, normal X-ray, normal spirometry, no response to treatment. Why that combination points at the right side of the heart, and when to refer. (154 caracteres)

Breathlessness on stairs, fatigue, near-fainting. Why the early signs of pulmonary arterial hypertension are so easy to miss, told from inside the right ventricle.

COPD raises lung cancer risk independently of smoking history. A 2024 meta-analysis found 1.76 times higher risk. The red flags and who to screen.

Nearly half of lung cancers in Canada are diagnosed late. The symptoms to watch for, the four steps of diagnosis, and who qualifies for screening.

Non-small cell lung cancer makes up 80-85% of cases in Canada. The two main types, their subtypes, and the biomarkers that decide treatment.

Weight gain, hyperlipidemia, edema and mild CNS changes over two years, with disease control maintained. Identify early, escalate proportionally, communicate clearly.